VXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN):
VXLAN extends Layer 2 networks over a Layer 3 infrastructure, allowing for greater scalability by encapsulating Ethernet frames inside UDP packets.
Scalability: VXLAN supports up to 16 million VLANs, far exceeding the traditional 4096 VLAN limit, making it ideal for large, cloud-scale data centers.
Network Segmentation: VXLAN, when combined with EVPN, enables efficient and scalable network segmentation,
providing isolation between tenants and applications without sacrificing network performance.

BGP (Border Gateway Protocol):
BGP is widely used as the routing protocol in large-scale data centers due to its flexibility and scalability.
In data center fabrics, BGP EVPN serves as the control plane for VXLAN.
Efficient Routing:
BGP provides scalable and efficient Layer 3 routing within the data center, reducing the complexity of traditional Layer 2 spanning tree designs.
Integration with VXLAN/EVPN: BGP EVPN is used to distribute Layer 2 information (such as MAC addresses) and Layer 3 routing information,
enabling seamless interconnectivity across the data center.

Segment Routing (SR):
Segment Routing simplifies traffic engineering by encoding the entire path a packet should take within the packet itself.
It provides greater flexibility for steering traffic through specific paths based on performance metrics or policy.